Investigating Chemical Equilibria essays

Investigating Chemical Equilibria essays The aim of this experiment is to study the effect of concentration changes on equilibria. In some chemical systems the energies of the reactants and the products are of a similar order of magnitude so that the reaction is reversible, that is, it can take place in either direction. If such a system is established in a closed vessel, so that no gases could escape, then a chemical equilibrium is established. The forward and the reversible reaction have the same rate. So, if for example we take the reversible reaction A+B © C+D, then the initially forward reaction occurs rapidly, but as the concentration of the reactants falls, the rate decreases. The reverse reaction initially cannot occur at all, but as the products start to form, its rate increases. Consequently, the rate of the two reactions becomes equal, the concentrations reach constant values and the equilibrium is established. There are conditions, such as the temperature, the pressure and the concentration. According to Le Chatelier ¡s principle,  ¡if a change is made to the conditions of a chemical equilibrium, then the position of a chemical equilibrium will readjust so as to minimise the change made ¡. If the concentration of one species is changed, then the position of the equilibrium will shift to the opposite side. A change in pressure affects only the gaseous molecules. If pressure is increased, then the equilibrium will shift to the side where the most gaseous molecules exist, whereas if pressure is decreased, the equilibrium will shift to the side where the least gaseous molecules exist. Temperature is the only factor that by changing it, the equilibrium constant kc is affected. If temperature is increased, the endothermic reaction is favored, whereas, if temperature is decreased, the exothermic reaction is favored. In this experiment we will investigate, the change in equilibrium that will take place when the concentration is altered. We will d...

Forefathers of America essays

Forefathers of America essays When our forefathers established the American Constitution, they held the beliefs that all citizens of the U.S. should have the basic freedoms and rights, equality and security. These basic beliefs laid the foundation for our country. These ideas are still used today. If Americans did not have basic freedoms and rights, then our government would not be a democracy. Some of these freedoms include freedom of speech, freedom of religion and freedom of the press. The stated ideas are some of the core values that run our country today. If we as Americans do not exercise these rights our country will not succeed or grow. For example, if a person is given the right to vote and they do not vote during the election period, then they are not exercising their right to vote and therefore not helping in the furthering of our country. If this would happen on a large scale, then laws and other bills would be passed on the decision of a small amount of people. Furthermore, as Americans, we have been introduced and accepted a melting pot of cultures in this country. Asians, African-Americans, Hispanics and so forth make up a portion of our population. We coexist with each other, respecting each others religion, traditions and ways of life. Here in the U.S., equality is a core value that must be respected to further our country. Not only is equality found in racial differences, but also in physical and gender differences. If we ignore the idea of equality, we would be constantly at war with each other because of our differences and we could not further ourselves in todays upcoming global market. It is the peoples duty to respect equality and to embrace it. As our global economy flourishes, newer and faster technology is always on the brink of invention. So, to learn how to operate these new technologies, education is a must. Education teaches us not only how to add, subtract, write papers and finish science labs, but al ...

Excutive summary-Global Strategic Management Essay

Excutive summary-Global Strategic Management - Essay Example The article highlights the major proponents of change and gives critical insight into the innovative approach that enables the businesses to compete against their rivals. The article succinctly argues that in the contemporary environment of globalization and recessive economy, the businesses need to evolve strategies that cater to the masses and meet the changing need of the people. The article also emphasizes that cost innovative strategies have become essential for businesses to maintain competitive advantage. The various means the businesses can effectively survive and maintain market position is moving away from premium products and make efforts for mass production of goods and services that are customised to the changing demands of current cash strapped customers. People want more value from the competitively priced goods. Another cost effective way the businesses are adopting is shifting their manufacturing and R&D facilities to the emerging new economies where the production and research cost is considerably low. The article also proposes that the emerging markets are crucial in the era of globalization and can be defined as the new area with high income and where the demand for the product can be created with relative success. Thus, the businesses must expand their operations in developing economies like India and China and exploit the market conditions. Last but not the least important are the innovative marketing techniques that need to be adopted to reach the masses. Hence the authors have suggested communication through alternative channels like posters, carry bags, luggage carts etc where the companies can put their name. These are low cost advertising channels and eminently suitable for the current recessive trend. I agree with the authors concern for adopting creative approach to sustain business in difficult time. While many big corporations and multinationals have found it hard to survive in the